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About

Successfully increasing body mass requires a sustained caloric surplus where energy intake exceeds Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE). This tool is engineered for individuals struggling to gain weight ("hard gainers") or athletes in a hypertrophy phase. The calculation differentiates between a "Clean Bulk" (minimal fat gain, slower pace) and a "Dirty Bulk" (maximum mass accumulation, higher fat risk).

The mathematical model computes the time horizon required to reach a specific target weight based on the surplus magnitude. Since adipose tissue and lean muscle mass have different energetic densities, the tool assumes a standard conversion rate of approximately 3,500 kcal per pound of tissue gained, though strictly lean mass synthesis is more metabolically complex.

bulking muscle gain hypertrophy macronutrients calorie surplus

Formulas

The baseline expenditure is derived from the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. The Target Daily Intake I is:

I = TDEE + Δ

Where Δ represents the surplus. Time to goal t (in weeks) is estimated by:

t = (Wtarget Wcurrent) × 3500Δ × 7

This assumes a linear weight accumulation model where 1 lb 3500 kcal.

Reference Data

Food ItemServing SizeCalories (kcal)Macro Focus
Peanut Butter2 tbsp190Fats/Protein
Olive Oil1 tbsp120Pure Fats
Walnuts1 oz (28g)185Omega-3s
Avocado1 medium320Fiber/Fats
Whole Milk1 cup150Protein/Calc
Oats (Dry)0.5 cup150Carbs
Dark Chocolate (85%)1 oz170Fats
Ground Beef (80/20)4 oz290Protein/Fats

Frequently Asked Questions

A Clean Bulk typically targets a surplus of 250-500 kcal, aiming to maximize muscle synthesis while minimizing fat storage. A Dirty Bulk pushes the surplus to 500-1000+ kcal, ensuring weight gain occurs regardless of body composition, often resulting in higher body fat percentage.
Metabolic adaptation (NEAT - Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis) often increases in response to higher caloric intake, causing you to burn more energy unconsciously. You likely need to increase your surplus further or track calories more accurately.
Generally, gaining more than 0.5-1.0% of body weight per week increases the ratio of fat to muscle gained. Rapid increases can also stress the digestive and cardiovascular systems.