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12V DC System Calculator
Current Draw:0.00 A
Recommended Wire (Short Run):-- AWG

*Wire gauge suggestions assume copper wire, standard insulation, and short cable runs (< 10ft). Consult NEC or a certified electrician for critical systems.

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About

DC systems operating at 12 Volts are the standard for automotive electrical systems, marine applications, and off-grid solar setups. Calculating the amperage draw is the first step in installing an amplifier, adding LED light bars, or sizing a solar charge controller. Unlike high-voltage home currents, 12V systems require significantly thicker cables to transmit the same amount of power without dangerous voltage drops.

This tool eliminates the variable of voltage, locking the calculation to 12V DC to provide immediate amperage results. It further assists the installation process by recommending a safe Wire Gauge (AWG) based on standard ampacity tables, helping prevent overheated wires in custom builds.

12v dc power automotive solar wire gauge awg

Formulas

Since the voltage is constant, the formula simplifies to a direct proportion. This applies strictly to Direct Current (DC) systems.

I = P12

Wire gauge selection roughly follows standard ampacity ratings for short runs (under 10ft/3m). Longer runs require thicker cables to account for resistance.

Reference Data

Power (W) @ 12VCurrent (A)Min. Wire Gauge (AWG)Typical Use Case
100.8318 AWGLED Dome Light
605.016 AWGStandard Headlight
12010.014 AWGCigarette Lighter Socket
24020.012 AWGHigh-Power Light Bar
36030.010 AWGSmall Amplifier
60050.08 AWGDC-AC Inverter (Small)
1200100.04 AWGMain Battery Winch
2400200.01/0 AWGStarter Motor

Frequently Asked Questions

This tool uses a nominal 12V for a "worst-case" amperage scenario. Since Amps = Watts / Volts, lower voltage results in higher amps. Calculating at 12V ensures your fuses and wires are rated safely even if the alternator isn't charging (engine off).
While the math is similar, AC systems have different wire characteristics (skin effect) and power factors. This tool and its wire recommendations are specifically optimized for DC battery systems (Automotive/Solar).
To move 1000 Watts at 120V (Home), you only need ~8 Amps (thin wire). To move 1000 Watts at 12V (Car), you need ~83 Amps. High current generates heat, requiring much thicker copper to prevent melting.
AWG stands for American Wire Gauge. Note that smaller numbers indicate thicker wires (e.g., 4 AWG is much thicker than 18 AWG).