About

Accuracy in transliteration is non-negotiable for legal and financial identity verification. A single character discrepancy between a passport, a visa application, and a bank account name can trigger automated fraud alerts or rejection of SWIFT transfers. This tool solves these interoperability issues by providing strict adherence to major international standards.

It includes the **ICAO 9303** standard used globally for Machine Readable Travel Documents (passports), the **GOST 7.79-2000 System B** preferred in IT environments for diacritic-free typing (e.g., converting щ to shh), and **ISO 9** for bibliographic reversibility. Unlike simple lookup tools, this engine utilizes a context-aware greedy algorithm to handle variable-length graphemes and case-sensitivity logic.

Formulas

The transliteration engine operates on a deterministic mapping function T that transforms a source string S into a target string L using a selected Standard K.

T(s, K) = N∪i=0 case_transform(lookup(s_i...n, K))

To ensure correctness, the lookup utilizes a Greedy Matching Strategy to prioritize multi-character graphemes over single characters. For a given position i in the string:

{

output += map[s_i...s_i+2] if match (Length 3)output += map[s_i...s_i+1] if match (Length 2)output += map[s_i] otherwise

Reference Data

Cyrillic	ICAO 9303 (Passport)	GOST 7.79-2000 (System B)	ISO 9 (1995)	ALA-LC (Library)
Ж (Zh)	ZH	ZH	Ž	Zh
Х (Kh)	KH	X	H	Kh
Ц (Ts)	TS	C	C	Ts
Ч (Ch)	CH	CH	Č	Ch
Ш (Sh)	SH	SH	Š	Sh
Щ (Shch)	SHCH	SHH	Ŝ	Shch
Ы (Y)	Y	Y'	Y	Y
Ю (Yu)	IU	YU	Û	I﷽u
Я (Ya)	IA	YA	Â	I﷽a

Frequently Asked Questions

This depends on the standard selected. The ICAO (Passport) standard uses "SHCH" to approximate the sound for English speakers. The GOST 7.79-2000 System B standard maps "Щ" to "SHH" to create a distinct sequence that separates it from "Ш" (SH), which is often preferred in technical or IT contexts where character uniqueness is prioritized over English phonetics.

Always use "ICAO 9303". This is the global standard for Machine Readable Zones (MRZ) in passports. Airlines adhere strictly to this. Using other standards (like ISO 9) may result in name mismatch errors at check-in.

Yes. The engine detects if the source character is uppercase. If the input is "Яблоко", it outputs "Yabloko" (Title Case). If the input is "ЯБЛОКО", it outputs "YABLOKO" (All Caps). This context-aware capitalization is critical for official document formatting.

Yes. The tool includes the ELOT 743 standard, which is the Greek equivalent of ICAO for passports (e.g., converting "Θ" to "Th" and "Ξ" to 'X').