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Physics & Astronomy

Select a celestial body to analyze gravity, time dilation, and transport logistics.

Sun

Star

The star at the center of our Solar System.

Gravity 274 m/s²
Day Length - h
Avg Temp 5505 °C
Moons 0
Weight on Sun: 1956.1 kg

Gravity Ratio: 27.9x Earth

Age in Sun Years: N/A

Orbital Period: - days

Travel from Earth to Sun: -

Distance: 149.6 million km

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About

Accurate astronomical data is the backbone of celestial mechanics and space exploration planning. This tool serves as a bridge between static NASA datasheets and dynamic physical calculations. It addresses the needs of students, educators, and science fiction writers who require immediate context regarding the physical environment of our solar system's major bodies. Unlike simple charts, this application calculates relative weight, age, and travel times based on variable inputs, providing a tangible understanding of scale and distance. Precision is maintained using standard mean values for density, gravity, and orbital semi-major axes.

astronomy planetary physics gravity calculator space travel solar system

Formulas

To determine a person's weight on another planet, we utilize the ratio of the planet's gravitational acceleration gplanet to Earth's standard gravity gearth (9.80665 m/s2).

Wplanet = Wearth × gplanetgearth

Orbital period calculations for age determination are based on the ratio of Earth's orbital period Tearth to the target planet's period Tplanet.

Ageplanet = Ageearth × TearthTplanet

Travel time t is calculated assuming a constant velocity v over the average distance d between Earth and the target body (Average Distance = |rplanet rearth|).

Reference Data

Celestial BodyMass (1024kg)Radius (km)Gravity (m/s2)Escape Vel. (km/s)Orbital Period (days)Mean Temp (°C)
Sun1988500695700274.0617.7-5505
Mercury0.33024393.74.388.0167
Venus4.8760518.910.4224.7464
Earth5.9763719.811.2365.215
Mars0.64233893.75.0687.0-65
Jupiter18986991123.159.54331-110
Saturn568582329.035.510747-140
Uranus86.8253628.721.330589-195
Neptune1022462211.023.559800-200
Pluto0.014611880.621.390560-225

Frequently Asked Questions

Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on your mass. Since each planet has a different mass and radius, the gravitational pull (acceleration due to gravity) varies. You would weigh significantly less on Mars than on Earth because Mars has less mass, resulting in weaker gravity.
The tool uses the "Average Distance" method. It calculates the absolute difference between the planet's semi-major axis and Earth's semi-major axis. It then divides this distance by the selected vehicle speed. This is a simplification; real space travel involves complex orbital transfer trajectories (like Hohmann transfers) which take longer due to curved paths.
A Jovian year is the time it takes for Jupiter to complete one full orbit around the Sun. Because Jupiter is much further away, its orbit is larger and it moves slower than Earth. One Jovian year is approximately 11.86 Earth years.
No. The values provided are Mean Temperatures. Planets like Mercury have extreme fluctuations (scorching day side, freezing night side). Gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) display temperatures at a specific atmospheric pressure level (usually 1 bar), as they do not have a solid surface.