Sand Bedding & Paver Base Calculator
Calculate paver base gravel and bedding sand for patios and walkways. Features bag vs. bulk conversion and screed layer logic.
About
Proper hardscaping requires a dual-layer sub-base system to prevent settling, drainage issues, and shifting pavers. A typical installation involves a structural layer of crushed stone (Base) followed by a thin leveling layer of sand (Bedding). This calculator distinguishes between these two materials, ensuring DIY enthusiasts and contractors order the correct ratio of aggregate.
Ordering too little material forces expensive mid-project delivery runs, while over-ordering wastes budget. This tool calculates the precise volume needed for both the 4-6 inch base and the 1 inch screed layer. It automatically converts the total weight into standard 50lb bags for smaller projects, rounding up to ensure you have enough material to account for waste and edge filling.
Formulas
The calculation is split into two layers, applied to the project area A.
1. Base Layer Weight (Wbase):
Wbase = A × Dbase × ρgravel
2. Bedding Layer Weight (Wsand):
Wsand = A × Dsand × ρsand
3. Bag Calculation:
Nbags = ceil(W50)
Note: D represents depth in feet (inches / 12). The tool assumes densities (ρ) of 115 lbs/ft³ for base and 100 lbs/ft³ for sand.
Reference Data
| Material | Recommended Depth | Density (lbs/ft³) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paver Base (Step 1) | 4" - 6" | 115 | Load bearing, drainage |
| Bedding Sand (Step 2) | 1" (Max) | 100 | Leveling, paver seating |
| Polymeric Sand | Joints only | N/A | Locking pavers together |
| Stone Dust | 1" - 2" | 105 | Alternative to sand (compacts hard) |
| Concrete Sand | 1" | 110 | Coarse, allows drainage |
| Mason Sand | Not Rec. | 90 | Too fine, washes away |
| #57 Gravel | 4" + | 105 | Deep drainage base |
| Recycled Concrete | 4" - 6" | 110 | Eco-friendly base |