User Rating 0.0
Total Usage 1 times

1. Determine EBIT

2. Total Assets

Tip: Use the average of the beginning and ending period assets for accuracy.
Is this tool helpful?

Your feedback helps us improve.

About

Return on Total Assets (ROTA) is a pure efficiency ratio used by analysts and investors to determine how effectively a company uses its assets to generate earnings. Unlike Return on Equity (ROE), which can be inflated by high debt levels, or Return on Assets (ROA), which typically uses Net Income (affected by tax and interest), ROTA focuses on EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes).

This distinction is crucial. By using EBIT, ROTA isolates operating performance from the company's capital structure and tax environment. This makes it the ideal metric for comparing companies in the same industry that may have vastly different debt strategies. A high ROTA indicates that the management is squeezing maximum value out of its machinery, inventory, and property, regardless of how those assets were financed.

rota calculator asset efficiency financial ratios

Formulas

ROTA looks at earnings generated by the assets before the costs of financing those assets are paid. The strict formula is:

ROTA = EBITTotal Net Assets

Where EBIT is:

EBIT = Net Income + Interest + Taxes

Reference Data

Industry SectorAvg. ROTA (Low)Avg. ROTA (High)Capital Intensity
Software / SaaS10%25%Low (Asset Light)
Retail (General)5%10%Medium (Inventory heavy)
Heavy Manufacturing3%8%High (Machinery heavy)
Utilities3%6%Very High (Infrastructure)
Pharmaceuticals8%15%Medium (R&D heavy)
Hospitality / Hotels2%6%High (Real Estate)
Consulting / Services15%30%Low (Human Capital)
Transportation / Airlines1%5%Very High (Fleet)

Frequently Asked Questions

The main difference lies in the numerator. ROA typically uses 'Net Income', which is the bottom line after interest and taxes. ROTA uses 'EBIT' (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes). ROTA is a better measure of operating efficiency because it ignores how much debt the company has (Interest) and its tax jurisdiction.
A lower ROTA suggests 'Asset Bloat'. You might be holding too much inventory that isn't moving, or you have expensive machinery that isn't running at full capacity. Alternatively, your profit margins (EBIT margin) might simply be lower due to high operating costs.
Yes, 'Total Assets' on the balance sheet includes both tangible (factories, cash) and intangible (patents, goodwill) assets. Companies with huge goodwill from acquisitions often have lower ROTA because their asset base is inflated.
ROTA is usually calculated annually or quarterly. When calculating quarterly, ensure you annualize the EBIT (multiply by 4) to get a percentage comparable to yearly rates.