Morse Code to Timing Converter

Morse code timing governs how receivers distinguish dots from dashes. A miscalibrated time unit causes decoding failures. The ITU-R M.1677 standard defines a dot as 1 time unit, a dash as 3 units, intra-character silence as 1 unit, inter-letter silence as 3 units, and inter-word silence as 7 units. This tool converts plaintext or raw Morse notation into an exact timing array calibrated to your chosen base unit T in milliseconds. It generates flat timing sequences compatible with hardware controllers, LED drivers, and audio oscillators.

The converter handles the full ITU Morse alphabet including numerals and punctuation. Timing output follows the on-off-on-off pattern used by serial protocols. Note: Farnsworth spacing (separate character vs. word timing) is not implemented. The tool assumes standard spacing ratios throughout.

The timing array is constructed by mapping each Morse element to an on/off duration pair scaled by the base time unit T.

The total signal duration for a message is:

Where T = base time unit in ms, t_dot = dot on-duration, t_dash = dash on-duration, t_intra = intra-character off-gap, t_letter = inter-letter off-gap, t_word = inter-word off-gap, D = total message duration, n = number of timing segments.

At 20 WPM (words per minute), the standard word “PARIS” occupies 50 time units, yielding T = 6000020 × 50 = 60 ms.