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About

Professional planning for night sky observation requires more than a rough guess of the moon's state. Photographers chasing the perfect Milky Way shot need total darkness, meaning a New Moon, while coastal engineers and fishermen track lunar cycles to predict tidal variance. This tool generates a detailed lunar calendar based on the Synodic Month, which averages 29.53059 days.

Accuracy is paramount when scheduling telescope sessions or deep-sky imaging. A discrepancy of just one day can mean the difference between a dark sky and one washed out by 90% illumination. This utility calculates the specific lunar age and illumination fraction for every day of the selected month, aiding in the precise timing of projects sensitive to natural light pollution.

moon phase lunar calendar astronomy photography tides

Formulas

The calculation of the moon's phase relies on the Synodic month. The approximate age of the moon A in days since the last known New Moon is calculated using the date D and a reference epoch.

Phase (JD 2451550.1)29.530588853 mod 1

Where JD is the Julian Date. The illumination fraction k is derived from the phase angle i:

k = 1 + cos(i)2

Reference Data

Lunar PhaseElongation (E)IlluminationVisible Duration
New Moon0°0%Rise/Set with Sun
Waxing Crescent0< E < 90°1-49%Early Evening
First Quarter90°50%Afternoon to Midnight
Waxing Gibbous90< E < 180°51-99%Late Afternoon to Dawn
Full Moon180°100%Sunset to Sunrise
Waning Gibbous180< E < 270°99-51%Twilight to Morning
Last Quarter270°50%Midnight to Noon
Waning Crescent270< E < 360°49-1%Pre-dawn

Frequently Asked Questions

The Synodic month is approximately 29.53 days, which does not align perfectly with the standard Gregorian calendar months of 30 or 31 days. This creates a drift, causing phases to occur on different dates each cycle.
Phase refers to the geometric position of the Moon relative to the Earth and Sun (e.g., First Quarter, Full). Illumination is the percentage of the Moon's visible disk that is lit by the Sun (e.g., 50%, 100%).
Yes, the phase (percentage illuminated) is the same globally. However, the orientation is inverted. A waxing crescent looks like a "D" in the North and a "C" in the South.
The tool uses astronomical algorithms suitable for dates within several centuries of the present. For ancient historical dates or distant future epochs, gravitational perturbations require more complex ephemerides.