kVA to kW Converter
Convert Apparent Power (kVA) to Real Power (kW). Essential for generator sizing, transformer loading, and electrical engineering calculations.
About
In alternating current (AC) electrical systems, power is not always equal to voltage multiplied by current. This discrepancy gives rise to two distinct measures: Apparent Power (measured in kVA, kilovolt-amperes) and Real Power (measured in kW, kilowatts).
The bridge between these two is the Power Factor (PF), a measure of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1. Generators and transformers are rated in kVA because they must handle the total current, but engines and motors consume Real Power (kW). Attempting to convert kVA to kW without knowing the Power Factor is impossible; a standard default is often 0.8 for diesel generators, while purely resistive loads (like heaters) have a PF of 1.0. This tool ensures accurate sizing by mandating the Power Factor input.
Formulas
Real Power is a fraction of Apparent Power, determined by the phase angle difference between voltage and current.
Where:
- P is Real Power (kW)
- S is Apparent Power (kVA)
- PF is Power Factor (dimensionless, 0 ≤ PF ≤ 1)
Reference Data
| Equipment / Load Type | Typical Power Factor (PF) | Efficiency Note |
|---|---|---|
| Resistive Load (Heaters, Toasters) | 1.0 | 100% Real Power |
| Incandescent Lighting | 1.0 | 100% Real Power |
| Standard Diesel Generator | 0.8 | Industry Standard Rating |
| Induction Motor (Full Load) | 0.85 - 0.90 | High Efficiency |
| Induction Motor (Unloaded) | 0.35 - 0.60 | Poor Efficiency |
| Welding Machines | 0.50 - 0.70 | Highly Inductive |
| Computer / IT Servers | 0.90 - 0.99 | Modern supplies have PFC |
| Fluorescent Lights (Magnetic Ballast) | 0.50 - 0.60 | Needs Capacitors |
| Arc Furnace | 0.70 - 0.80 | Heavy Industrial |