User Rating 0.0
Total Usage 1 times
µU/mL (mU/L)
Is this tool helpful?

Your feedback helps us improve.

About

Insulin resistance often develops years before blood sugar levels rise high enough to trigger a Type 2 Diabetes diagnosis. The Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) provides a quantified estimate of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Unlike HbA1c, which reflects a 3-month average of glucose, HOMA-IR identifies the metabolic effort required to maintain that glucose level. A high score indicates the pancreas allows glucose to rise despite high insulin output.

This tool serves endocrinologists and metabolic researchers by standardizing the calculation across different unit systems. It eliminates manual conversion errors between molar units (mmol/L) and mass units (mg/dL).

metabolic health insulin resistance diabetes screening fasting insulin glucose

Formulas

The core algorithm varies based on the glucose unit used. The relationship models the feedback loop between the liver (glucose production) and beta-cells (insulin secretion).

For SI Units (mmol/L):

Glucose × Insulin22.5

For Conventional Units (mg/dL):

Glucose × Insulin405

Reference Data

HOMA-IR RangeClassificationClinical Implication
< 1.0OptimalHigh insulin sensitivity. Low cardiovascular risk.
1.0 - 1.9Early ResistanceBorderline. Lifestyle intervention recommended.
2.0 - 2.9Significant ResistanceMetric warrants further metabolic investigation.
> 2.9Severe ResistanceStrong correlation with Type 2 Diabetes pathology.
> 5.0CriticalOften seen in untreated T2D or severe hyperinsulinemia.

Frequently Asked Questions

HOMA-IR assumes the body is in a steady basal state. Recent food intake triggers an acute insulin spike, which breaks the constant correlation assumed by the formula (denominator 22.5 or 405). A minimum 8-12 hour fast is required for validity.
No. The model relies on endogenous insulin secretion feedback loops. Injecting insulin artificially decouples the glucose-insulin relationship, rendering the calculated score mathematically meaningless.
The raw inputs differ, but the final HOMA-IR score is unitless. Whether you input glucose in mg/dL or mmol/L, the calculator adjusts the denominator to output the same standardized index.