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About

The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely considered the gold standard for risk stratification in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), encompassing both unstable angina/NSTEMI and STEMI. It estimates the probability of all-cause mortality during hospitalization and at 6 months. High-risk patients identified by this score benefit most from early invasive strategies.

cardiology ACS mortality risk GRACE score heart attack

Formulas

The score is a nomogram-based sum of weighted variables. Points are assigned for:

Age, HeartRate, SBP, Creatinine, KillipClass, CardiacArrest, ST_Deviation, Enzymes

Total Probability P is derived via logistic function:

P = 11 + exp(LinearIndex)

Reference Data

Risk CategoryGRACE ScoreIn-Hospital Mortality
Low≤ 108< 1%
Intermediate109 - 1401 - 3%
High> 140> 3%

Frequently Asked Questions

Killip Class classifies heart failure severity in MI: I = No CHF, II = Rales/S3, III = Pulmonary Edema, IV = Cardiogenic Shock.