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Category Roofing
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About

The gable roof is the most common residential roof style, characterized by two sloping sides that meet at a central ridge. While seemingly simple, accurate framing requires precise calculation of the "Common Rafter" - the diagonal member connecting the ridge board to the wall plate. Builders must also account for the "Overhang" (eaves), which not only protects the siding from rain but significantly increases the material surface area.

This tool computes the theoretical rafter length (line length) and the total surface area for sheathing and shingles. Crucially, it estimates the Attic Ventilation requirement based on the "1/150 Rule" (1 sq ft of net free vent area for every 150 sq ft of attic floor), ensuring the roof system breathes correctly to prevent moisture buildup and ice dams.

gable roof rafter length construction calculator attic ventilation roof squares

Formulas

The Rafter Length Lraft is the hypotenuse of the triangle formed by the Run (half the span) and the Rise. Note: Real rafters need adjustment for the ridge board thickness.

Lraft = Run2 + Rise2

Total Roof Area accounts for the rake overhangs (ends of the house) and eave overhangs (bottom of the slope). Lhouse is the building length.

Area = 2 × Lraft + Overhang × Lhouse + 2×RakeOverhang

Ventilation Vreq (sq ft) calculation using 1/150 rule:

Vreq = AtticFloorArea150

Reference Data

Roof PitchAngleRun MultiplierValley Multiplier
1/124.76°1.0031.416
2/129.46°1.0141.424
4/1218.43°1.0541.453
6/1226.57°1.1181.500
9/1236.87°1.2501.601
12/1245.00°1.4141.732
18/1256.31°1.8032.062

Frequently Asked Questions

The Run is the horizontal distance the rafter covers. For a simple gable roof, the Run is exactly half of the total building width (Span). If your house is 24 feet wide, the Run is 12 feet.
The output length is the theoretical "Line Length" from the ridge center to the outside of the wall plate. To cut the actual rafter, you must deduct half the thickness of the ridge board from the top and add the overhang length to the bottom. The Bird's Mouth is cut at the location where the rafter sits on the wall plate.
Building codes generally require 1 square foot of ventilation for every 150 square feet of attic space. This is split 50/50 between intake (soffit vents) and exhaust (ridge vents). If you have a vapor barrier, some codes allow a 1/300 ratio.