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About

The Free Androgen Index (FAI) estimates the ratio of physiologically active testosterone in the bloodstream. While total testosterone measures the aggregate hormone level, a significant portion binds to Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), rendering it biologically inactive. Assessment of SHBG levels helps clinicians differentiate between total androgen load and the actual free fraction available to tissues.

This metric serves as a primary screening tool for hyperandrogenism in women, particularly during the diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). An elevated FAI often correlates with symptoms such as hirsutism, acne, and irregular ovulation. In men, the index assists in diagnosing hypogonadism, though calculated free testosterone via equilibrium dialysis remains the gold standard for male subjects. Results require distinct interpretation based on biological sex due to the vast baseline differences in androgen production.

PCOS hormones fertility endocrinology blood-work

Formulas

The FAI is a unitless ratio derived from Total Testosterone and SHBG. To maintain accuracy, both variables must be converted to molar units (nmol/L) before calculation.

FAI = TtotalSHBG × 100

Where:

  • Ttotal is Total Testosterone in nmol/L.
  • SHBG is Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in nmol/L.
  • If T is measured in ng/dL, the conversion factor is 0.0347.

Reference Data

Subject CategoryFAI Reference RangeClinical Interpretation
Adult Female (Premenopausal)0.5 - 6.5Normal physiological range.
Adult Female (PCOS Risk)> 7.0Possible hyperandrogenism; PCOS investigation warranted.
Adult Female (Postmenopausal)0.4 - 4.5Expected decline in ovarian androgen production.
Adult Male (Healthy)30 - 150Normal androgen status.
Adult Male (Hypogonadism)< 30Indicates low bioavailable testosterone.

Frequently Asked Questions

SHBG acts as a carrier protein. Testosterone bound to SHBG cannot activate cellular receptors. Low SHBG levels result in a higher percentage of free, active testosterone, even if the total testosterone count appears normal.
Yes. Hormonal fluctuations occur throughout the menstrual cycle. Clinical guidelines typically recommend blood draws during the early follicular phase (days 2 through 5) for the most consistent baseline comparison.
While the calculator functions mathematically for men, the clinical utility is limited. The Vermeulen formula or direct equilibrium dialysis often provides a more accurate assessment of free testosterone in male patients.