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30 cm

Measure from pubic symphysis to top of uterus.

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About

Johnson’s Formula is a widely used clinical method for estimating fetal weight, particularly in environments where ultrasound is not immediately available. By measuring the Symphysis-Fundal Height (SFH)—the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus—practitioners can gain valuable insight into the baby's growth trajectory.

This calculator adjusts for the "station" of the fetal head (how far the baby has descended into the pelvis), which is a critical variable often overlooked in simpler tools. Accurate weight estimation is vital for identifying potential macrosomia (large baby) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), allowing for better birth planning and risk management.

johnson's formula midwifery fundal height

Formulas

The calculator uses the standard Johnson's equation, where the weight depends on the fundal height minus a correction factor determined by the fetal station (descent of the head).

W = (SFH n) × 155

Where:

  • W = Fetal Weight in grams
  • SFH = Symphysis-Fundal Height (cm)
  • n = 13 (if head not engaged), 12 (if engaged), 11 (if below spines)
  • 155 = Constant multiplier

Reference Data

Station of Fetal HeadPosition DescriptionCorrection Factor (n)
Minus StationHead is above ischial spines (floating).13
Zero StationHead is engaged (at ischial spines).12
Plus StationHead is below ischial spines.11

Frequently Asked Questions

Studies suggest Johnson's formula is accurate within ±10% for roughly 70% of fetuses. However, accuracy decreases in cases of maternal obesity, polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid), or uterine fibroids. It is a screening tool, not a diagnostic absolute.
Fetal station refers to the position of the baby's presenting part (usually the head) in relation to the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis. 'Minus' means high up, 'Zero' means engaged, and 'Plus' means descending toward the birth canal.
This formula is applicable for pregnancies beyond 24 weeks gestation. It is most commonly used in the third trimester (after 28-30 weeks) when fundal height correlates strongly with fetal growth.
The constant 155 was derived by R.W. Johnson in his original regression analysis. It represents the average weight gain in grams per centimeter of fundal height once the pelvic correction is applied.