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DNA to RNA Converter

Advanced Central Dogma tool for molecular biology. Converts DNA to RNA, calculates Reverse Complement, translates to Amino Acid sequences (Protein), and computes GC content and melting temperature (Tm).

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Category Physics & Science
Genetic Input Data
0 bp
GC Content
0%
Melting Temp (Est.)
0 °C
Molecular Weight
0 Da
Nucleotide Count
0
Transcription & Translation Results
mRNA Sequence (Transcript)
DNA Reverse Complement
Protein Sequence (Amino Acids)
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About

This DNA to RNA Converter is a professional-grade bioinformatics utility designed for students, researchers, and geneticists. It strictly adheres to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, providing an error-free pipeline for Transcription (DNA → RNA) and Translation (RNA → Protein).

Unlike basic string replacers, this tool incorporates a full Codon Degeneracy Engine and validates inputs against IUPAC nucleotide standards. It automatically handles sequence cleaning (removing whitespace and numbers) and computes critical biophysical properties such as GC-content and estimated Melting Temperature (Tm).

Use this tool to simulate gene expression, verify primer specificity, or decode genetic sequences into their constituent polypeptide chains. It handles both Coding (Sense) and Template (Antisense) strands with options for reverse complement generation.

biology genetics dna rna transcription translation amino-acids

Formulas

The core logic follows the standard genetic transcription and translation rules:

Transcription:
DNA(T) → RNA(U)

For the biophysical calculations, we use the Wallace Rule for short sequences (< 14bp) and the Nearest-Neighbor method approximation for longer sequences to estimate Melting Temperature (Tm):

{
Tm = 2⋅(A+T) + 4⋅(G+C) if length < 14Tm = 64.9 + 41⋅(G+C - 16.4)L otherwise

GC Content is calculated as:

GC% = Count(G + C)Total Length × 100

Reference Data

Codon (RNA)Amino Acid3-Letter1-LetterProperty
UUU, UUCPhenylalaninePheFNon-polar
UUA, UUGLeucineLeuLNon-polar
UCU, UCC, UCA, UCGSerineSerSPolar
UAU, UACTyrosineTyrYPolar
UAA, UAG, UGAStop CodonStop*Termination
UGU, UGCCysteineCysCPolar
UGGTryptophanTrpWNon-polar
CUU, CUC, CUA, CUGLeucineLeuLNon-polar
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCGProlineProPNon-polar
CAU, CACHistidineHisHBasic
CAA, CAGGlutamineGlnQPolar
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGGArginineArgRBasic
AUU, AUC, AUAIsoleucineIleINon-polar
AUGMethionine (Start)MetMNon-polar
ACU, ACC, ACA, ACGThreonineThrTPolar
AAU, AACAsparagineAsnNPolar
AAA, AAGLysineLysKBasic
AGU, AGCSerineSerSPolar
AGA, AGGArginineArgRBasic
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUGValineValVNon-polar
GCU, GCC, GCA, GCGAlanineAlaANon-polar
GAU, GACAspartic AcidAspDAcidic
GAA, GAGGlutamic AcidGluEAcidic
GGU, GGC, GGA, GGGGlycineGlyGNon-polar

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. While translation to specific amino acids requires standard bases (A, T, C, G/U), the tool preserves IUPAC ambiguity codes (N, R, Y, K, M, S, W, B, D, H, V) in the transcript and complement views to maintain data integrity.
The tool uses Frame +1 (starting from the first nucleotide). It does not automatically search for Open Reading Frames (ORFs). You must ensure your input sequence starts with the desired codon (often ATG/AUG) if you are looking for a specific protein product.
The logic layer includes an auto-sanitization step. All non-alphabetic characters (spaces, line breaks, numbers from FASTA headers) are stripped before processing, so you can copy-paste directly from GenBank or NCBI.
The Tm provided is a salt-adjusted approximation ideal for standard screening. For critical PCR primer design, specific salt concentration (Na+, Mg2+) and oligonucleotide concentration parameters should be considered, which are outside the scope of this general converter.