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About

Inflation systematically erodes the purchasing power of fiat currency. This process, often called devaluation in the context of purchasing power, means that a fixed amount of money buys fewer goods and services over time. For investors and savers, understanding "Real Value" versus "Nominal Value" is critical for long-term planning. A million dollars today will not hold the same utility in twenty years if the average inflation rate hovers around 3%. This tool applies the compound decay formula to estimate future purchasing power.

inflation finance money economics savings

Formulas

The Future Value FV (in today's purchasing power) is calculated using the inflation rate r and time t.

FV = PV × (
1(1 + r)t
)

This is effectively the reverse of compound interest.

Reference Data

Annual InflationValue After 10 YearsValue After 20 YearsHalf-Life of Money
2%82.0%67.3%35 Years
3%74.4%55.4%23 Years
5%61.4%37.7%14 Years
10%34.9%12.2%7 Years

Frequently Asked Questions

Nominal value is the face value of the money (e.g., $100). Real value is what that $100 can actually buy in goods, adjusted for inflation.
Central banks (like the Fed or ECB) target a 2% rate to encourage spending and investment without causing hyperinflation, though actual rates fluctuate.