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About

CFOs and business owners rely on this calculator to model complex debt structures that standard mortgage tools cannot handle. Commercial lending often involves non-standard terms such as "Interest-Only" periods where principal repayment is deferred, or "Balloon Payments" where a large lump sum is due at maturity. This tool allows you to simulate these scenarios to understand the true cash flow impact of a proposed financing offer.

Accuracy in commercial finance requires attention to the "Day Count Convention". While consumer loans typically use a 30/360 basis, commercial loans often use Actual/360 or Actual/365, which can slightly increase the effective interest paid. This calculator provides the flexibility to switch between these accrual methods, ensuring the generated schedule matches the bank's term sheet exactly.

commercial finance amortization balloon payment business loan interest only

Formulas

The monthly payment PMT for a fully amortizing loan is derived from the Principal P, monthly rate r, and total periods n.

PMT = P × r(1+r)n(1+r)n 1

If a Balloon Payment B is required at the end of term n, the calculation uses the "Amortization Term" namort for payment sizing, but the loan balance at period nterm becomes the balloon.

Baln = P(1+r)n PMT (1+r)n 1r

Reference Data

Loan TypeTypical TermAmortizationInterest Only?Balloon?
CRE Mortgage5 - 10 Yrs20 - 25 YrsYes (1-2 Yrs)Yes
Equipment Finance3 - 7 YrsFull TermNoNo
SBA 50410 - 25 YrsFull TermNoNo
Bridge Loan6 - 24 MosInterest OnlyYes (Full)Yes
Construction12 - 36 MosInterest OnlyYesRefinanced
Line of Credit1 Yr (Renew)N/AYesRevolving
Term Loan A5 - 7 YrsFull TermOptionalRare

Frequently Asked Questions

A balloon payment is a large lump sum due at the end of the loan term. This happens when the loan amortization (calculation of payments) is set for a longer period (e.g., 25 years) than the actual loan term (e.g., 10 years). This keeps monthly payments low but requires refinancing or paying off the balance at year 10.
During an Interest-Only (IO) period, you pay only the accrued interest. The principal balance remains unchanged. Once the IO period ends, the payments usually increase significantly because the principal must now be paid off over the remaining, shorter timeframe.
Banks calculate interest daily. A "30/360" basis assumes every month has 30 days. An "Actual/360" basis charges interest for the actual days in the month (30 or 31) but divides by a 360-day year. This results in slightly higher interest costs than a 365-day year basis, which is common in commercial lending.