About

Chinese numeral systems encode magnitude through positional multiplier characters: 十 (10), 百 (100), 千 (1000), with section markers 万 (10⁴), 亿 (10⁸), and 兆 (10¹²) creating a hierarchical grouping system. Misreading a single character shifts the result by orders of magnitude. Financial documents, legal contracts, and historical texts frequently use traditional anti-fraud forms (壹貳參) specifically because they resist alteration. This converter handles simplified, traditional, mixed Arabic-Chinese input, and implied-one cases where 百 alone means 100. It parses left-to-right using section accumulation logic that mirrors how native readers mentally decode these numerals.

Limitations apply for values exceeding 10¹⁵ due to JavaScript's safe integer boundary (2⁵³ − 1). The tool approximates informal shorthand (e.g., "20兆二百万百") by treating embedded Arabic digits as literal values multiplied by subsequent Chinese positional markers. Pro tip: in formal financial Chinese, 兆 can mean either 10⁶ (older usage) or 10¹² (modern PRC standard). This tool uses the modern 10¹² interpretation.

Formulas

The conversion algorithm processes the input string as a sequence of tokens. Each Chinese character maps to either a digit value or a positional multiplier. The parser accumulates values within sections bounded by major markers.

Result = n∑i=0 Section_i × Marker_i

Where each section is computed as:

Section = m∑j=0 d_j × u_j

Where d_j is a digit value (0 - 9), u_j is the unit multiplier (1, 10, 100, 1000), and Marker_i is the section marker (1 for base, 10⁴ for 万, 10⁸ for 亿, 10¹² for 兆). Implied ones are handled: if a unit multiplier appears without a preceding digit, d defaults to 1. For mixed Arabic-Chinese input, consecutive Arabic digit characters are concatenated into a single numeric token before multiplier application.

Reference Data

Simplified	Traditional	Arabic Value	Pinyin	Role
零	零	0	líng	Digit
一	壹	1	yī	Digit
二	貳	2	èr	Digit
三	參	3	sān	Digit
四	肆	4	sì	Digit
五	伍	5	wǔ	Digit
六	陸	6	liù	Digit
七	柒	7	qī	Digit
八	捌	8	bā	Digit
九	玖	9	jiǔ	Digit
十	拾	10	shí	Unit multiplier
百	佰	100	bǎi	Unit multiplier
千	仟	1,000	qiān	Unit multiplier
万	萬	10,000	wàn	Section marker
亿	億	100,000,000	yì	Section marker
兆	兆	1,000,000,000,000	zhào	Section marker (modern PRC)
两	兩	2	liǎng	Digit (colloquial)
廿	廿	20	niàn	Shorthand digit
卅	卅	30	sà	Shorthand digit
〇	〇	0	líng	Digit (ideographic zero)
负/負	負	−	fù	Negative sign
点/點	點	.	diǎn	Decimal separator

Frequently Asked Questions

When a unit multiplier (十, 百, 千) appears at the start of input or immediately after another multiplier/section marker, the parser inserts an implicit digit value of 1. So 百 alone becomes 100, and 十三 becomes 13. This mirrors natural Chinese reading conventions.

The character 兆 has two historical interpretations. In classical Chinese and some East Asian contexts (Japan, older texts), it means 10⁶ (one million). In modern PRC standard usage, it means 10¹² (one trillion). This tool uses the modern PRC convention: 兆 = 1,000,000,000,000. If you are working with classical texts, divide the 兆 component by 10⁶ manually.

Yes. The parser scans left to right. When it encounters consecutive Arabic digits (0-9), it concatenates them into a single number. When a Chinese section marker follows, that number is multiplied accordingly. In "20兆二百万百", 20 × 10¹² + 200 × 10⁴ + 100 = 20,000,002,000,100.

JavaScript uses IEEE 754 double-precision floats. Integers are exact up to 2⁵³ − 1 (9,007,199,254,740,991). This is approximately 9 × 10¹⁵. Values up to 九千兆 remain exact. Beyond that, precision loss occurs. The converter warns you if the result exceeds safe integer range.

Yes. Both character sets are mapped internally. 壹貳參肆伍陸柒捌玖拾佰仟萬億 (traditional/financial) and 一二三四五六七八九十百千万亿 (simplified) are treated identically in terms of numeric value. You can even mix them in a single input string.

The character 点 (or 點) acts as a decimal separator. Digits after it are read individually: 三点一四 = 3.14. Each post-decimal Chinese digit maps to its face value in sequence, not using positional multipliers.

The character 负 (simplified) or 負 (traditional) at the start of the input indicates a negative number. 负三百 = −300. The negative sign must be the first character; placed elsewhere it is treated as invalid.