About

Standard calculators and spreadsheet software typically fail around 15 to 17 digits of precision due to floating-point limitations (IEEE 754). The Big Number Calculator bypasses these hardware limits by using arbitrary-precision arithmetic. This means you can calculate numbers as large as your computer's memory can hold.

This tool is essential for cryptography enthusiasts dealing with 256-bit or 2048-bit integers, students studying combinatorics (permutations/factorials), or anyone curious about the exact value of 2¹⁰⁰. It handles thousands of digits without scientific notation truncation, ensuring that the digit in the 'ones' place is just as accurate as the leading digit.

Formulas

This calculator operates on the set of integers ℤ. It does not use approximation algorithms.

Addition/Subtraction: Performed column-wise, carrying remainders indefinitely.

Multiplication: Uses Karatsuba algorithm logic implicitly for speed on large inputs.

Factorial (n!): n × (n-1) × ... × 1. Grow extremely fast. 1000! has 2,568 digits.

Reference Data

Operation	Notation	Standard Limit (approx)	Big Number Limit
Integer Addition	A + B	9 × 10¹⁵	Memory Dependent (Millions of digits)
Factorial	n!	170! (returns Infinity)	1000!+ (Exact digits)
Power	x^y	2¹⁰²⁴ (Overflow)	Unlimited
Cryptography keys	RSA	N/A	Handles 4096-bit primes easily
Javascript	Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER	2⁵³ - 1	Unlimited (using BigInt)

Frequently Asked Questions

This version utilizes 'BigInt' technology, which is strictly for Integers (whole numbers). Introducing decimals into arbitrary precision requires different algorithms (BigDecimal) which can slow down web performance significantly for massive numbers. This tool focuses on absolute integer precision.

We have tested this tool with results containing over 100,000 digits. The only limit is your browser's allocated memory and CPU timeout limits (to prevent the page from freezing).

Since this is an Integer calculator, division acts as Euclidean division. It returns the Quotient (whole number result) and drops the remainder (like the 'floor' function). It does not produce decimals.

Factorials grow hyper-exponentially. While 100! is instant, 10,000! involves multiplying ten thousand massive numbers together, resulting in a number with 35,660 digits. This immense computational load takes a moment to process.