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Total weight of structure acting on this footing.
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About

A foundation failure is rarely due to the concrete breaking; it is almost always due to the soil shearing or settling under the weight. This calculator performs a critical geotechnical check: it compares the pressure exerted by your footing against the bearing capacity of the soil. If the pressure exceeds the soil's resistance limit, the building will sink, leading to catastrophic structural failure.

This tool calculates the Safety Factor (SF). In engineering, a generic Safety Factor of 1.0 means failure is imminent. A factor of 2.0 to 3.0 is standard for residential foundations to account for soil variations and moisture changes. Use this to size your footings correctly before pouring concrete.

soil bearing capacity footing calculator foundation load safety factor geotech

Formulas

The calculator determines the stress (σ) applied to the ground and compares it to the soil's Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qu).

Safety Factor = quP ÷ A

Where P is the Total Load (Dead + Live) and A is the Footing Area. If SF < 2.0, the design is considered unsafe for long-term settlement.

Reference Data

Soil TypeBearing Capacity (kg/cm²)Bearing Capacity (kPa)Drainage Quality
Bedrock (Sound)40+4000+Excellent
Dense Gravel / Sand Mix4.0 - 5.0400 - 500Very Good
Coarse Sand (Compact)3.0 - 4.0300 - 400Good
Fine Sand (Compact)2.0 - 3.0200 - 300Fair
Sandy Loam / Firm Clay1.5 - 2.0150 - 200Medium
Soft Clay / Silt0.5 - 1.050 - 100Poor (Risk)
Peat / Organic SoilNULLNULLUnsuitable

Frequently Asked Questions

The Safety Factor (SF) is a multiplier that provides a buffer against errors or unforeseen conditions. If a soil can hold 3 kg/cm², we typically only load it to 1 kg/cm². This gives an SF of 3.0. This buffer is vital because soil is not uniform; a soft pocket could exist just inches below your test point.
You have two main options: 1) Increase the area of your footing (make it wider). By spreading the same weight over a larger area, you reduce the pressure (psi/kPa). 2) Excavate the poor soil and replace it with compacted structural fill (gravel/sand) to improve the bearing capacity.
No. This tool uses "presumptive" bearing capacities based on visual identification. For any substantial structure, a geotechnical engineer should perform a penetrometer test or core sample to confirm the actual values.