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Category Electronics

1. Energy Needs

2. Battery System

Total Stored Energy
0 kWh
Required Capacity
0 Ah @ 12V
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About

Designing a battery bank requires balancing total energy demand with the physical constraints of the storage medium. This calculator sizes battery systems for off-grid solar, RVs, or home backup, ensuring sufficient autonomy (days without power generation) while respecting the battery's depth of discharge (DoD) limits.

Undersizing a battery bank forces deeper cycling, which drastically reduces lifespan, particularly for lead-acid chemistries. Oversizing adds unnecessary cost and weight. By inputting your daily energy consumption and desired system voltage, you can determine the exact Amp-hour capacity required to maintain reliable power.

solar battery bank energy storage off-grid backup power calculator

Formulas

Total Required Energy Etotal considers the Daily Load Edaily, Days of Autonomy D, and safe Depth of Discharge DoD:

Etotal = Edaily ร— DDoD

To find the battery capacity in Amp-hours CAh at system voltage V:

CAh = EtotalV

Reference Data

ApplianceAvg. Power (Watts)Daily Use (Hrs)Est. Daily Energy (Wh)
LED Light Bulb9545
Laptop608480
Refrigerator (Efficient)1508 (cycle)1,200
Television (LED)1004400
Coffee Maker1,0000.25250

Frequently Asked Questions

This is the number of days you need the system to provide power without any recharging input (e.g., during cloudy days for solar). For critical home backup, 2-3 days is standard. For weekend RV trips, 1-2 days may suffice.
Yes, significantly. Lead-acid batteries lose about 50% of their capacity at freezing temperatures (0ยฐC / 32ยฐF). If your batteries are stored outside, you must oversize the bank to compensate for cold weather performance.
Never mix old and new batteries, or batteries of different chemistries (e.g., AGM and Lithium) in the same bank. This causes dangerous imbalances where one set overcharges while the other undercharges.