About

Character encoding errors corrupt data silently. A misread byte in a protocol header, a wrong code point in a CSV parser, or a malformed escape sequence in a URL can cascade into broken systems, garbled text, or security vulnerabilities. This tool converts arbitrary text strings into their numeric ASCII representations across four standard radix formats: decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16), octal (base 8), and binary (base 2). It also performs the inverse operation, parsing delimited numeric sequences back into readable text. The converter handles the full standard ASCII range of 0 - 127 code points and the extended range of 128 - 255. Note: characters outside the 0 - 255 range (such as most emoji and CJK ideographs) use multi-byte Unicode encodings and will be converted per their UTF-16 code unit value, which may not match their Unicode code point for surrogate pairs.

Formulas

Each character in a text string maps to a numeric code point c. The conversion between text and its numeric representation uses the character's position in the ASCII (or extended) character set. The core operation for text-to-number conversion extracts the code point, then expresses it in the target radix b.

c = charCodeAt(i)

For the reverse (numbers-to-text), each numeric token is parsed from its radix back to a decimal integer, then mapped to the corresponding character.

char = fromCharCode(parseInt(token, b))

Radix representations follow standard positional notation. A decimal value n expressed in base b is decomposed as:

n = k∑i=0 d_i ⋅ bⁱ

Where d_i is the digit at position i, b is the base (2 for binary, 8 for octal, 10 for decimal, 16 for hexadecimal), and k is the number of digits minus one. Hexadecimal uses digits 0 - 9 and letters A - F for values 10 - 15. Binary output is zero-padded to 8 bits for standard byte alignment.

Reference Data

Dec	Hex	Oct	Binary	Char	Description
0	00	000	00000000	NUL	Null
1	01	001	00000001	SOH	Start of Heading
2	02	002	00000010	STX	Start of Text
3	03	003	00000011	ETX	End of Text
4	04	004	00000100	EOT	End of Transmission
5	05	005	00000101	ENQ	Enquiry
6	06	006	00000110	ACK	Acknowledge
7	07	007	00000111	BEL	Bell
8	08	010	00001000	BS	Backspace
9	09	011	00001001	HT	Horizontal Tab
10	0A	012	00001010	LF	Line Feed
11	0B	013	00001011	VT	Vertical Tab
12	0C	014	00001100	FF	Form Feed
13	0D	015	00001101	CR	Carriage Return
14	0E	016	00001110	SO	Shift Out
15	0F	017	00001111	SI	Shift In
16	10	020	00010000	DLE	Data Link Escape
17	11	021	00010001	DC1	Device Control 1 (XON)
18	12	022	00010010	DC2	Device Control 2
19	13	023	00010011	DC3	Device Control 3 (XOFF)
20	14	024	00010100	DC4	Device Control 4
21	15	025	00010101	NAK	Negative Acknowledge
22	16	026	00010110	SYN	Synchronous Idle
23	17	027	00010111	ETB	End of Transmission Block
24	18	030	00011000	CAN	Cancel
25	19	031	00011001	EM	End of Medium
26	1A	032	00011010	SUB	Substitute
27	1B	033	00011011	ESC	Escape
28	1C	034	00011100	FS	File Separator
29	1D	035	00011101	GS	Group Separator
30	1E	036	00011110	RS	Record Separator
31	1F	037	00011111	US	Unit Separator
32	20	040	00100000	SP	Space
33	21	041	00100001	!	Exclamation Mark
34	22	042	00100010	"	Double Quote
35	23	043	00100011	#	Hash / Number Sign
36	24	044	00100100	$	Dollar Sign
37	25	045	00100101	%	Percent Sign
38	26	046	00100110	&	Ampersand
39	27	047	00100111	'	Single Quote
40	28	050	00101000	(	Left Parenthesis
41	29	051	00101001	)	Right Parenthesis
42	2A	052	00101010	*	Asterisk
43	2B	053	00101011	+	Plus Sign
44	2C	054	00101100	,	Comma
45	2D	055	00101101	-	Hyphen / Minus
46	2E	056	00101110	.	Period
47	2F	057	00101111	/	Slash
48	30	060	00110000	0	Digit Zero
49	31	061	00110001	1	Digit One
50	32	062	00110010	2	Digit Two
51	33	063	00110011	3	Digit Three
52	34	064	00110100	4	Digit Four
53	35	065	00110101	5	Digit Five
54	36	066	00110110	6	Digit Six
55	37	067	00110111	7	Digit Seven
56	38	070	00111000	8	Digit Eight
57	39	071	00111001	9	Digit Nine
58	3A	072	00111010	:	Colon
59	3B	073	00111011	;	Semicolon
60	3C	074	00111100	<	Less Than
61	3D	075	00111101	=	Equals Sign
62	3E	076	00111110	>	Greater Than
63	3F	077	00111111	?	Question Mark
64	40	100	01000000	@	At Sign
65	41	101	01000001	A	Uppercase A
66	42	102	01000010	B	Uppercase B
67	43	103	01000011	C	Uppercase C
68	44	104	01000100	D	Uppercase D
69	45	105	01000101	E	Uppercase E
70	46	106	01000110	F	Uppercase F
71	47	107	01000111	G	Uppercase G
72	48	110	01001000	H	Uppercase H
73	49	111	01001001	I	Uppercase I
74	4A	112	01001010	J	Uppercase J
75	4B	113	01001011	K	Uppercase K
76	4C	114	01001100	L	Uppercase L
77	4D	115	01001101	M	Uppercase M
78	4E	116	01001110	N	Uppercase N
79	4F	117	01001111	O	Uppercase O
80	50	120	01010000	P	Uppercase P
81	51	121	01010001	Q	Uppercase Q
82	52	122	01010010	R	Uppercase R
83	53	123	01010011	S	Uppercase S
84	54	124	01010100	T	Uppercase T
85	55	125	01010101	U	Uppercase U
86	56	126	01010110	V	Uppercase V
87	57	127	01010111	W	Uppercase W
88	58	130	01011000	X	Uppercase X
89	59	131	01011001	Y	Uppercase Y
90	5A	132	01011010	Z	Uppercase Z
91	5B	133	01011011	[	Left Bracket
92	5C	134	01011100	\	Backslash
93	5D	135	01011101	]	Right Bracket
94	5E	136	01011110	^	Caret
95	5F	137	01011111	_	Underscore
96	60	140	01100000	`	Grave Accent
97	61	141	01100001	a	Lowercase a
98	62	142	01100010	b	Lowercase b
99	63	143	01100011	c	Lowercase c
100	64	144	01100100	d	Lowercase d
101	65	145	01100101	e	Lowercase e
102	66	146	01100110	f	Lowercase f
103	67	147	01100111	g	Lowercase g
104	68	150	01101000	h	Lowercase h
105	69	151	01101001	i	Lowercase i
106	6A	152	01101010	j	Lowercase j
107	6B	153	01101011	k	Lowercase k
108	6C	154	01101100	l	Lowercase l
109	6D	155	01101101	m	Lowercase m
110	6E	156	01101110	n	Lowercase n
111	6F	157	01101111	o	Lowercase o
112	70	160	01110000	p	Lowercase p
113	71	161	01110001	q	Lowercase q
114	72	162	01110010	r	Lowercase r
115	73	163	01110011	s	Lowercase s
116	74	164	01110100	t	Lowercase t
117	75	165	01110101	u	Lowercase u
118	76	166	01110110	v	Lowercase v
119	77	167	01110111	w	Lowercase w
120	78	170	01111000	x	Lowercase x
121	79	171	01111001	y	Lowercase y
122	7A	172	01111010	z	Lowercase z
123	7B	173	01111011	{	Left Brace
124	7C	174	01111100	\|	Vertical Bar
125	7D	175	01111101	}	Right Brace
126	7E	176	01111110	~	Tilde
127	7F	177	01111111	DEL	Delete

Frequently Asked Questions

Standard ASCII defines 128 characters (code points 0 - 127), covering English letters, digits, punctuation, and control codes. Extended ASCII uses an additional 128 code points (128 - 255) defined by various code pages such as ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) or Windows-1252. These extensions are not universally standardized, so the same code point may represent different characters depending on the system's code page. This converter uses JavaScript's UTF-16 encoding internally, which is compatible with Latin-1 for the 0 - 255 range.

Characters above code point 255 (such as Chinese, Arabic, or emoji characters) are converted using their UTF-16 code unit value via charCodeAt(). For characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (up to U+FFFF), this matches the Unicode code point. Characters above U+FFFF (like most emoji) are represented as surrogate pairs in UTF-16, producing two separate code unit values rather than the true code point. The tool flags this limitation in its output.

Binary output is zero-padded to 8 bits to match the standard byte width. The letter "A" (decimal 65) is naturally 1000001 in binary (7 digits), but is displayed as 01000001 for consistency. This is critical when working with network protocols, file formats, or hardware interfaces that expect byte-aligned data. For values above 255, the tool expands to 16-bit padding.

The converter accepts spaces, commas, comma-space combinations, and newlines as delimiters when parsing numeric input. For hexadecimal input, the prefix "0x" is optional and automatically stripped. For binary input, the prefix "0b" is similarly handled. Leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed from each token. If any token fails to parse as a valid number in the selected radix, the tool reports the position of the invalid token rather than silently skipping it.

When converting numbers to text, control characters (code points 0 - 31 and 127) are rendered using their standard abbreviations in brackets, such as [NUL], [BEL], [LF], [CR], and [DEL]. This prevents invisible characters from being silently inserted into the output. The character detail breakdown table shows both the abbreviation and the full name for each control character.

Yes. Enter your binary values in Numbers-to-Text mode with Binary selected, then switch the output format to Hexadecimal. The tool first converts each binary token to its decimal code point, then re-encodes in the target base. This two-step process ensures consistency regardless of the source and target radix combination. Alternatively, use the character detail table that displays all four radix representations simultaneously for each character.

In Text-to-Numbers mode, every character is converted including spaces (decimal 32), tabs (decimal 9), and newlines (decimal 10 for LF, 13 for CR). The character detail table marks these with their standard abbreviations (SP, HT, LF, CR) so they remain visible. In Numbers-to-Text mode, a space code point (32) will produce an actual space in the output.