About

Miscalculating net pay leads to budget shortfalls, incorrect W-4 withholding, and tax-season surprises. This calculator applies the 2024 IRS progressive federal tax brackets, FICA contributions (Social Security at 6.2% up to the $168,600 wage base, Medicare at 1.45% plus the 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax above $200,000), and state-level income tax for all 50 states plus DC. Pre-tax deductions such as 401(k) contributions and health insurance premiums reduce your adjusted gross income before bracket application. The tool assumes standard deduction unless you override it. Results approximate; actual withholding depends on employer payroll systems, local taxes, and additional W-4 elections not modeled here.

Enter your gross annual salary, select filing status and state, adjust deductions, then review your net pay decomposed across 7 pay periods: annual, monthly, semi-monthly, bi-weekly, weekly, daily, and hourly. The effective tax rate t_eff shown is your total tax burden divided by gross income - a more meaningful metric than your marginal bracket. Pro tip: compare two filing statuses side-by-side by running the calculator twice and noting the difference in t_eff.

Formulas

Net annual pay is computed by subtracting all tax obligations from gross income after pre-tax deductions.

Net = G − T_fed − T_state − T_SS − T_Med − D_post

Where G is gross annual salary. Federal taxable income is calculated as:

TI = G − D_pre − SD

Where D_pre represents pre-tax deductions (401k, HSA, health premiums) and SD is the standard deduction. Federal tax uses progressive brackets:

T_fed = 7∑i=1 r_i ⋅ min(TI − B_i, W_i)

Where r_i is the rate of bracket i, B_i is the bracket floor, and W_i is the bracket width. FICA Social Security tax:

T_SS = 0.062 ⋅ min(G, 168600)

Medicare tax with Additional Medicare surcharge:

T_Med = 0.0145 ⋅ G + 0.009 ⋅ max(0, G − 200000)

Effective tax rate:

t_eff = T_fed + T_state + T_SS + T_MedG × 100%

Hourly rate derives from annual net divided by annual working hours:

H = Netw ⋅ 52

Where w is weekly working hours (default 40).

Reference Data

Bracket	Single Filer Range	MFJ Range	Rate
1	$0 - $11,600	$0 - $23,200	10%
2	$11,601 - $47,150	$23,201 - $94,300	12%
3	$47,151 - $100,525	$94,301 - $201,050	22%
4	$100,526 - $191,950	$201,051 - $383,900	24%
5	$191,951 - $243,725	$383,901 - $487,450	32%
6	$243,726 - $609,350	$487,451 - $731,200	35%
7	$609,351+	$731,201+	37%
FICA Rates (Employee Share)
Social Security		6.2% up to $168,600	-
Medicare		1.45% (all wages)	-
Additional Medicare		0.9% above $200,000	-
2024 Standard Deduction
Single / MFS		$14,600	-
Married Filing Jointly		$29,200	-
Head of Household		$21,900	-

Frequently Asked Questions

The standard deduction ($14,600 single, $29,200 MFJ, $21,900 HoH for 2024) is subtracted from your adjusted gross income before federal bracket application. If your itemized deductions (mortgage interest, SALT up to $10,000, charitable contributions) exceed the standard deduction, itemizing reduces taxable income further. This calculator uses the standard deduction by default. To model itemizing, set the standard deduction override to $0 and enter your total itemized amount in the pre-tax deductions field.

The Social Security wage base for 2024 is $168,600. The 6.2% employee tax applies only to wages up to this ceiling. Income above this threshold is not subject to Social Security tax, though Medicare (1.45%) has no cap. This means the maximum Social Security tax an employee pays in 2024 is $10,453.20.

The Additional Medicare Tax of 0.9% applies to wages exceeding $200,000 for single filers ($250,000 MFJ). It is withheld by employers on wages above $200,000 regardless of filing status. This calculator applies the $200,000 threshold. The surcharge is not matched by the employer, unlike the base 1.45% rate.

State taxes are modeled using simplified flat or top-bracket progressive rates for each state. States with no income tax (TX, FL, NV, WA, WY, SD, AK, TN, NH) show $0 state tax. For states with progressive brackets (CA, NY, etc.), the calculator applies a blended effective rate approximation. Local taxes (e.g., NYC, Portland Metro) are not included. For precise state liability, consult your state's department of revenue tables.

No. Traditional 401(k) contributions reduce federal and state taxable income but do NOT reduce Social Security or Medicare wages. FICA is calculated on gross salary before 401(k) deferrals. This calculator correctly applies pre-tax deductions only to the federal and state income tax computation, not to FICA.

The marginal rate is the percentage applied to your last dollar of taxable income - it indicates the bracket you fall into. The effective rate is your total federal tax divided by gross income, representing the average rate across all brackets. For example, a $100,000 single filer has a 22% marginal rate but roughly 14.1% effective federal rate because the first $11,600 is taxed at only 10%.